{"id":3317,"date":"2025-03-19T11:05:06","date_gmt":"2025-03-19T10:05:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/personal-polen.de\/?p=3317"},"modified":"2025-08-29T21:17:23","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T19:17:23","slug":"spolupraca-so-subdodavatelmi-zo-zahranicia-ktori-zodpovedaju-za-skody-a-vady","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/personal-polen.de\/sk\/2025\/03\/19\/spolupraca-so-subdodavatelmi-zo-zahranicia-ktori-zodpovedaju-za-skody-a-vady\/","title":{"rendered":"Spolupr\u00e1ca so subdod\u00e1vate\u013emi zo zahrani\u010dia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kto je zodpovedn\u00fd za \u0161kody a chyby? Nemeck\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti m\u00f4\u017eu prenikn\u00fa\u0165 na nov\u00e9 trhy vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch subdod\u00e1vate\u013eov. Odborn\u00e9 znalosti zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch subdod\u00e1vate\u013eov m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 cenn\u00e9 pri u\u013eah\u010dovan\u00ed vstupu na trh a minimaliz\u00e1cii riz\u00edk, najm\u00e4 pri p\u00f4soben\u00ed na medzin\u00e1rodnej \u00farovni. Je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby boli v\u0161etky zmluvn\u00e9 dohody podrobne zabezpe\u010den\u00e9. Odpor\u00fa\u010da sa tie\u017e uzavrie\u0165 dodato\u010dn\u00e9 poistenie pre pr\u00edpady zodpovednosti za \u0161kodu. To chr\u00e1ni obe strany, preto\u017ee vym\u00e1hanie n\u00e1rokov na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody od subdod\u00e1vate\u013eov z tret\u00edch kraj\u00edn je ove\u013ea komplikovanej\u0161ie. D\u00f4vodom je skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee s Nemeckom neexistuj\u00fa bilater\u00e1lne dohody. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby boli v zmluve jasne uveden\u00e9 predpisy o zodpovednosti subdod\u00e1vate\u013ea. Ak mo\u017eno \u0161kodu jednozna\u010dne prip\u00edsa\u0165 subdod\u00e1vate\u013eovi, je za \u0161kodu, ktor\u00fa sp\u00f4sobil, zodpovedn\u00fd on s\u00e1m. Nesie tie\u017e pln\u00fa zodpovednos\u0165 za to, \u017ee jeho pr\u00e1ca sp\u013a\u0148a zmluvn\u00e9 a z\u00e1konn\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky. Existuj\u00fa pr\u00edpady, v ktor\u00fdch m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zodpovedn\u00fd samotn\u00fd objedn\u00e1vate\u013e. Zodpovednos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee nies\u0165 najm\u00e4 vtedy, ak si nesplnil svoje kontroln\u00e9 povinnosti. Mus\u00ed si subdod\u00e1vate\u013ea dostato\u010dne vopred skontrolova\u0165. Je zodpovedn\u00fd za dodr\u017eiavanie z\u00e1konn\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed z\u00e1kona o vysielan\u00ed pracovn\u00edkov alebo z\u00e1kona o minim\u00e1lnej mzde. Mus\u00ed tie\u017e zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby objedn\u00e1vate\u013e neprevzal vady, ktor\u00e9 mohol rozpozna\u0165 s\u00e1m.<\/h2>\n

V nemeckom hospod\u00e1rstve sa \u010doraz viac spolo\u010dnost\u00ed rozhoduje pre vyu\u017e\u00edvanie Subdod\u00e1vatelia zo zahrani\u010dia<\/a>. T\u00e1to skuto\u010dnos\u0165 sa dot\u00fdka r\u00f4znych odvetv\u00ed, najm\u00e4 Stavebn\u00edctvo<\/a>ktor\u00fd Logistika<\/a>IT a V\u00fdroba<\/a> s\u00fa klasick\u00e9 odvetvia, v ktor\u00fdch sa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa subdod\u00e1vatelia zo zahrani\u010dia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mnoh\u00e9 nemeck\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti \u0161etria n\u00e1klady vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch subdod\u00e1vate\u013eov. D\u00f4vodom je, \u017ee n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1cu a prev\u00e1dzku s\u00fa v mnoh\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch v\u00fdrazne ni\u017e\u0161ie ako v Nemecku.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edm d\u00f4vodom je, \u017ee v Nemecku je st\u00e1le nedostatok kvalifikovanej pracovnej sily. Najm\u00e4 v sektore IT, In\u017einierstvo<\/a> v Nemecku je nedostatok kvalifikovanej pracovnej sily.<\/span><\/p>\n

Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00ed odborn\u00edci \u010dasto prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa cenn\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti a \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 know-how, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 na dom\u00e1com trhu. Mnoh\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed subdod\u00e1vatelia sa tie\u017e \u0161pecializuj\u00fa na ur\u010dit\u00e9 slu\u017eby alebo technol\u00f3gie. To umo\u017e\u0148uje nemeckej spolo\u010dnosti pracova\u0165 efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie a r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie implementova\u0165 inovat\u00edvne rie\u0161enia. <\/span>Vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch subdod\u00e1vate\u013eov m\u00f4\u017ee nemeck\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 reagova\u0165 ove\u013ea pru\u017enej\u0161ie. Pracovn\u00fa silu je mo\u017en\u00e9 naj\u00edma\u0165 bez toho, aby bolo potrebn\u00e9 prij\u00edma\u0165 dlhodob\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u00e4zky. To je ve\u013ek\u00e1 v\u00fdhoda najm\u00e4 v odvetviach, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa sez\u00f3nne alebo z\u00e1visl\u00e9 od z\u00e1kaziek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Durch den Einsatz von ausl\u00e4ndischen Subunternehmern k\u00f6nnen deutsche Unternehmen neue M\u00e4rkte erschlie\u00dfen. Gerade wenn sie international t\u00e4tig werden, kann die Expertise der ausl\u00e4ndischen Subunternehmer wertvoll sein, um den Markteintritt zu erleichtern und Risiken zu minimieren.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spolupr\u00e1ca so subdod\u00e1vate\u013emi za hranicami \u0161t\u00e1tov v\u0161ak vyvol\u00e1va mno\u017estvo pr\u00e1vnych ot\u00e1zok, najm\u00e4 pokia\u013e ide o zodpovednos\u0165 v pr\u00edpade \u0161k\u00f4d alebo nedostatkov. Kto je zodpovedn\u00fd, ak poskytovan\u00e1 slu\u017eba nesp\u013a\u0148a zmluvn\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky alebo sp\u00f4sob\u00ed \u0161kodu? Ak\u00e9 pr\u00e1vne r\u00e1mcov\u00e9 podmienky je potrebn\u00e9 dodr\u017eiava\u0165?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa zmluvn\u00e9 ustanovenia ako z\u00e1klad zodpovednosti?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Ke\u010f spolo\u010dnosti spolupracuj\u00fa, zmluva je prv\u00fdm z\u00e1kladom pre zodpovednos\u0165 medzi oboma stranami. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby boli zmluvn\u00e9 ustanovenia jasn\u00e9 a jednozna\u010dn\u00e9. Pred\u00edde sa tak neskor\u0161\u00edm sporom. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby bol opis slu\u017eieb presn\u00fd. Mus\u00ed by\u0165 presne \u0161pecifikovan\u00e9, ak\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce m\u00e1 subdod\u00e1vate\u013e vykona\u0165. \u010eal\u0161ou zlo\u017ekou zmluvy je zodpovednos\u0165. Z\u00e1kon jasne stanovuje, v ktor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch mus\u00ed subdod\u00e1vate\u013e zaplati\u0165 za \u0161kody alebo vady. Takisto je vymedzen\u00fd rozsah zodpovednosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edm d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm bodom je, \u017ee miesto pr\u00edslu\u0161nosti je zmluvne upraven\u00e9. To je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 najm\u00e4 v medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch obchodn\u00fdch vz\u0165ahoch. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee ot\u00e1zka zodpovednosti sa m\u00f4\u017ee vyklada\u0165 odli\u0161ne vzh\u013eadom na r\u00f4zne vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tne pr\u00e1vne syst\u00e9my. Preto mus\u00ed by\u0165 jasne vymedzen\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tne pr\u00e1vo sa uplat\u0148uje a ktor\u00fd s\u00fad je pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd v pr\u00edpade sporov.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Povinnos\u0165 poistenia je tie\u017e d\u00f4le\u017eitou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou zmluvnej dohody medzi oboma stranami. Nemeck\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 mus\u00ed zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby mal subdod\u00e1vate\u013e dostato\u010dn\u00e9 poistenie zodpovednosti za \u0161kodu. Toto poistenie potom pokryje finan\u010dn\u00e9 straty v pr\u00edpade \u0161kody a minimalizuje riziko pre klienta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tne a medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vne predpisy?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Okrem zmluvn\u00fdch doh\u00f4d sa zodpovednos\u0165 za \u0161kody a chyby riadi aj z\u00e1konn\u00fdmi po\u017eiadavkami. Svoju \u00falohu tu zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tne predpisy aj medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vne predpisy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nemeck\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo: BGB a VOB\/B<\/span><\/h3>\n

V Nemecku sa zodpovednos\u0165 za vady a \u0161kody spravidla riadi Nemeck\u00fd ob\u010diansky z\u00e1konn\u00edk (BGB)<\/a> a v niektor\u00fdch odvetviach nemeck\u00fdm zmluvn\u00fdm postupom pre stavebn\u00edctvo (VOB\/B).<\/span><\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea nemeck\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va je dod\u00e1vate\u013e povinn\u00fd poskytn\u00fa\u0165 slu\u017ebu bez v\u00e1d. Ak sa vyskytne vada, zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo po\u017eiada\u0165 zhotovite\u013ea o jej odstr\u00e1nenie. V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee odstr\u00e1nenie nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 alebo ho zhotovite\u013e nevykon\u00e1 v dohodnutej lehote, m\u00f4\u017ee objedn\u00e1vate\u013e po\u017eadova\u0165 n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody. V stavebn\u00edctve sa uplat\u0148uje aj z\u00e1kon VOB\/B, ktor\u00fd stanovuje osobitn\u00e9 z\u00e1ru\u010dn\u00e9 lehoty a vymedzuje pr\u00e1vny r\u00e1mec pre n\u00e1roky z v\u00e1d.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm bodom nemeck\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va je aj priama zodpovednos\u0165 klienta. Existuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne pr\u00edpady, v ktor\u00fdch je klient zodpovedn\u00fd za chyby a \u0161kody sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 jeho subdod\u00e1vate\u013eom. Tak\u00fdto pr\u00edpad existuje napr\u00edklad vtedy, ak klient nevykonal dostato\u010dne svoje kontroln\u00e9 povinnosti alebo ak sa subdod\u00e1vate\u013e pova\u017euje len za z\u00e1stupcu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 pr\u00e1vna situ\u00e1cia<\/span><\/h3>\n

V pr\u00edpade poverenia zahrani\u010dn\u00e9ho subdod\u00e1vate\u013ea sa uplat\u0148uje pr\u00e1vny stav v pr\u00edslu\u0161nej krajine. V r\u00e1mci E\u00da je to pomerne jednoduch\u00e9, preto\u017ee existuj\u00fa nariadenia o cezhrani\u010dnej spolupr\u00e1ci. Za zmienku tu stoj\u00ed najm\u00e4 nariadenie R\u00edm I. Stanovuje, \u017ee v z\u00e1sade plat\u00ed dohodnut\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo uveden\u00e9 v zmluve. Ak tak\u00e9to nariadenie neexistuje, uplat\u0148uje sa pr\u00e1vo krajiny, v ktorej m\u00e1 subdod\u00e1vate\u013e s\u00eddlo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Handelt es sich um Subunternehmen aus Drittstaaten, kann die Rechtsdurchsetzung wesentlich schwieriger sein. Es ist besonders wichtig, dass alle vertraglichen Vereinbarungen im Detail abgesichert sind. Es empfiehlt sich au\u00dferdem, sich eventuell eine zus\u00e4tzliche Versicherung f\u00fcr Haftungsf\u00e4lle zuzulegen. Das sch\u00fctzt beide Seiten davor, da die Durchsetzung von Schadensersatzanspr\u00fcchen gegen Subunternehmer aus Drittstaaten wesentlich komplizierter ist. Der Grund daf\u00fcr ist, dass es keine bilateralen Abkommen mit Deutschland gibt.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Zodpovednos\u0165 za \u0161kodu: kto je zodpovedn\u00fd?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Ot\u00e1zka zodpovednosti je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00e1, ak je \u0161koda sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165ou zahrani\u010dn\u00e9ho subdod\u00e1vate\u013ea. M\u00f4\u017eu nasta\u0165 nasleduj\u00face pr\u00edpady:<\/span><\/p>\n

Priama zodpovednos\u0165 subdod\u00e1vate\u013ea<\/span><\/h3>\n

Es ist wichtig, dass im Vertrag die Regelungen f\u00fcr die Haftung des Subunternehmers klar genannt werden. Kann man einen Schaden dem Subunternehmer klar zuordnen, haftet er selbst f\u00fcr den von ihm verursachten Schaden. Er tr\u00e4gt au\u00dferdem die volle Verantwortung daf\u00fcr, dass seine Arbeiten den vertraglichen und gesetzlichen Anforderungen entsprechen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zodpovednos\u0165 klienta<\/span><\/h3>\n

Es gibt F\u00e4lle, in denen der Auftraggeber selbst haftbar gemacht werden kann. Gerade wenn er seinen Kontrollpflichten nicht nachgegangen ist, kann er zur Haftung gezogen werden. Er muss den Subunternehmer vorab ausreichend pr\u00fcfen. Er ist daf\u00fcr verantwortlich, dass die gesetzlichen Vorschriften des Arbeitnehmer-Entsendegesetzes oder des Mindestlohngesetzes eingehalten werden. Au\u00dferdem hat der Auftraggeber daf\u00fcr Sorge zu tragen, dass er keinen Mangel abnimmt, den er selbst h\u00e4tte erkennen k\u00f6nnen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spolo\u010dn\u00e1 zodpovednos\u0165 (solid\u00e1rna zodpovednos\u0165)<\/span><\/h3>\n

V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 objedn\u00e1vate\u013e aj zahrani\u010dn\u00fd subdod\u00e1vate\u013e spolo\u010dne zodpovedn\u00fd za \u0161kody alebo vady. V takom pr\u00edpade m\u00e1 po\u0161koden\u00e1 strana pr\u00e1vo vybra\u0165 si, od koho bude po\u017eadova\u0165 n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody. Tak\u00fdto pr\u00edpad m\u00f4\u017ee nasta\u0165 najm\u00e4 pri zlo\u017eit\u00fdch projektoch, na ktor\u00fdch sa podie\u013ea viacero str\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ako sa m\u00f4\u017eete chr\u00e1ni\u0165 pred rizikami s\u00favisiacimi so zodpovednos\u0165ou?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Prv\u00fdm krokom pri ochrane je podrobn\u00e1 zmluva. <\/span>Presne definuje, ktor\u00e9 slu\u017eby mus\u00ed subdod\u00e1vate\u013e poskytova\u0165. Jasne sa v nej tie\u017e uv\u00e1dza, ak\u00fa zodpovednos\u0165 prevezme subdod\u00e1vate\u013e v pr\u00edpade \u0161kody. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm faktorom je aj poistenie. Najlep\u0161ie je v zmluve stanovi\u0165, \u017ee subdod\u00e1vate\u013e mus\u00ed uzavrie\u0165 poistenie zodpovednosti za \u0161kodu. V tomto pr\u00edpade je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 potvrdenie od pois\u0165ovne, ktor\u00e9 si spolo\u010dnos\u0165 vopred vy\u017eiada k nahliadnutiu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je tie\u017e d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby spolo\u010dnos\u0165 vykon\u00e1vala pravideln\u00e9 kontroly poskytovan\u00fdch slu\u017eieb. M\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o priebe\u017en\u00e9 monitorovanie alebo \u010dast\u00e9 kontroly kvality. M\u00f4\u017eu sa vykon\u00e1va\u0165 aj audity, aby sa zabezpe\u010dilo, \u017ee subdod\u00e1vate\u013e vykon\u00e1va svoju pr\u00e1cu spr\u00e1vne. Tieto permanentn\u00e9 kontroly umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa v\u010dasn\u00e9 rozpoznanie nedostatkov. Obe z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00e9 strany sa tak dostan\u00fa do poz\u00edcie, ke\u010f sa tieto nedostatky m\u00f4\u017eu odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 v po\u010diato\u010dnom \u0161t\u00e1diu a nevznikn\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 \u0161kody.<\/span><\/p>\n

Okrem toho mus\u00ed nemeck\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby bol subdod\u00e1vate\u013e jasne pou\u010den\u00fd o pr\u00e1ci. K zlep\u0161eniu kvality pr\u00e1ce m\u00f4\u017ee prispie\u0165 aj \u0161kolenie zamestnancov.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jasn\u00e9 komunika\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary a presn\u00e1 dokument\u00e1cia v\u0161etk\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch krokov pom\u00e1haj\u00fa predch\u00e1dza\u0165 sporom v pr\u00edpade zodpovednosti.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kto je zodpovedn\u00fd za \u0161kody a nedostatky? \u010coraz viac podnikov v nemeckom hospod\u00e1rstve vyu\u017e\u00edva subdod\u00e1vate\u013eov zo zahrani\u010dia. T\u00fdka sa to r\u00f4znych odvetv\u00ed, pri\u010dom klasick\u00fdmi odvetviami, v ktor\u00fdch sa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa subdod\u00e1vatelia zo zahrani\u010dia, s\u00fa stavebn\u00edctvo, logistika, IT a v\u00fdroba. Mnoh\u00e9 nemeck\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti \u0161etria n\u00e1klady t\u00fdm, \u017ee [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":3320,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-subunternehmer"],"yoast_head":"\nSubunternehmer aus dem Ausland \u2013 Haftung bei M\u00e4ngeln<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Wer haftet f\u00fcr Sch\u00e4den und M\u00e4ngel bei ausl\u00e4ndischen Subunternehmern? 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